Demystifying the European Union: The Enduring Logic of Regional Integration
Author: Roy H Ginsberg
The European Union-the world's greatest experiment in interstate reconciliation through regional integration-is now fifty years old. However, it remains a mystery to many people in and outside Europe. This clear and comprehensive book is dedicated to "demystifying" the EU for both introductory and seasoned students of European integration. Roy H. Ginsberg begins with the foundation blocks of history, law, economics, and politics to provide the context for understanding integration. He then deconstructs the EU into its individual elements to examine them in relation to one another and to the whole before reconstructing the EU as a single polity: In doing so, he evaluates the EU's scope for agency and its effects on Europeans and non-Europeans alike.
About the Author:
Roy H. Ginsberg is professor of government at Skidmore College
Table of Contents:
List of Illustrations xiiiAcknowledgments xv
Preface xvii
Acronyms xix
Note to Instructors xxiii
Introduction 1
The Importance of the European Union to the World 1
For Europeans 2
For Americans 5
For Europeans and Americans Together 6
The Structure of the Book 8
Key Concepts 9
Study Questions 9
Selected Readings 9
Notes 10
Foundations 11
Unity and Disunity 13
Preview 13
Presence and Absence of Regional Unity and Integration 13
Incarnations and Ghosts 15
Unity and Disunity in Christian Europe 17
The Renaissance, the Hanseatic League, and the Elements of Unity 22
Revolution, War, and Peace 24
Extreme Nationalism and Disintegration 29
Elusive Unity and War Again 32
Two Unities and a Cold War 37
The Reflex to Cooperate: Early Modern European Integration, 1947-1957 39
Collective Self-Defense and the United States 40
Regional Economic Integration, the Schuman Plan, and the United States 41
Extension of Collective Self-Defense 49
The Treaties of Rome 52
Review 56
Key Concepts 57
Study Questions 57
Selected Readings 58
Notes 58
Theory and Practice of Modern European Integration 61
Preview 61
Political Thinkers, Writers, and Statesmen: Fourteenth-Twentieth Centuries 62
Postwar Political Theories of European Integration 67
Federal and Functional Logics 67
Intergovernmentalism and Its Variants 70
Peaks and Troughs of Modern European Integration 72
Growth, Turmoil, and Compromise: 1958-1969 72
Expansion and Sclerosis: 1970-1985 74
Revitalization, Enlargement, New Compacts, and the Return of Uncertainty: 1986-Present 79
Political Theory of European Integration Revisited 86
Conventional Political Theories of Modern European Integration 87
Revisionist Theories of Modern European Integration 89
Review 90
Key Concepts 91
Study Questions 91
Selected Readings 92
Notes 92
The Economic and Legal Foundations of the European Community 95
Preview 95
The Economics of the European Community 97
Customs Union Theory 99
Optimum Currency Area Theory 103
International Political Economy 106
Recap 107
The Law of the European Community 108
Structure and Function 110
Avenues of Legal Redress 112
Principles and Landmarks 117
Cases by Area of EC Competence 121
Looking Back, Looking Ahead 125
Review 129
Key Concepts 130
Study Questions 130
Selected Readings 131
Notes 131
The European Union in Practice 137
The Contexts and Actors of EU Governmental Decisionmaking 145
Preview 145
The Contexts of EU Governmental Decisionmaking 145
Inside World 146
European World 148
Outside World 150
The Inputs into EU Governmental Decisionmaking 151
EU Member Governments, Institutions, and NGOs 152
Political Parties and Electorates 155
Actors outside the European Union 156
Review 157
Key Concepts 157
Study Questions 158
Selected Readings 158
Notes 158
Inside EU Governmental Decisionmaking 160
Preview 160
Conscience of the European Union: The Commission 164
Appointment and Delegation 165
Structure 168
Function and Agency 169
Role in EU Governmental Decisionmaking 171
Taking Stock 174
Fulcrum of Political Power in the European Union: The Council 175
Structure and Function 177
Role in EU Governmental Decisionmaking 179
The Sovereigns of the European Union: The European Council 182
Taking Stock 183
Voice of the European Union: The European Parliament 184
Structure and Function 189
Powers and Role in EU Governmental Decisionmaking 192
Taking Stock 199
The Budgetary Process of the European Community: A Thumbnail Sketch 200
The Auditor of the European Union: The European Court of Auditors 201
The Banks of the European Union 203
The Agencies of the European Union 204
The European Union and the United States: Insights from Comparative Government 205
Constitutionalism and Federalism 207
Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances 208
The EU and U.S. Executives 210
The EU and U.S. Legislatures 212
Review 214
Theoretical Observations 214
Empirical Observations 216
Key Concepts 217
Study Questions 217
Selected Readings 218
Notes 218
The Outputs of EU Governmental Decisionmaking 223
Preview 223
Types of EU Governmental Decisionmaking Instruments 224
Internal Market 226
Origins, Objectives, and Timeline 226
Formulation and Execution 228
Key Elements 229
Common Commercial Policy 242
Origins, Objectives, and Timeline 242
Formulation and Execution 243
Key Elements 244
Monetary Policy 247
Origins, Objectives, and Timeline 247
Formulation and Execution 250
Key Elements 251
Agriculture 254
Origins, Objectives, and Timeline 254
Formulation and Execution 254
Key Elements 255
Regional Development 257
Origins, Objectives, and Timeline 257
Formulation and Execution 260
Key Elements 261
Environment, Fisheries, and Food Safety 261
Origins, Objectives, and Timeline 261
Formulation and Execution 263
Key Elements 264
Justice and Home Affairs 266
Origins, Objectives, and Timeline 266
Formulation and Execution 269
Key Elements 270
Review 273
Theoretical Observations 273
Empirical Observations 275
Key Concepts 277
Study Questions 278
Selected Readings 278
Notes 278
EU Foreign and Security Policy 283
Preview 283
Origins, Objectives, and Timeline 286
Phase One, 1958-1970 289
Phase Two, 1970-1993 290
Phase Three, 1993-1999 291
Phase Four, 1999-Present 292
Formulation and Execution 293
Institutions and Decisionmaking 293
Instruments and Military Capabilities 296
Key Elements-Multilateral Functional Issues 298
Key Elements-Multilateral Security Issues 300
EU Security Operations 300
Nonproliferation, Disarmament, and Arms Control 302
Combatting Crime and Terrorism 303
Key Elements-Countries and Regions 304
Central and Eastern Europe and Enlargement 304
European Neighborhood 306
EU-EFTA Relations 306
Western Balkans 307
Ukraine and Russia 309
Mediterranean Littoral and Middle East 311
Sub-Saharan Africa 316
Asia 318
Latin America, the Caribbean, and Canada 319
The United States 320
Review 325
Theoretical Observations 325
Empirical Observations 326
Key Concepts 326
Study Questions 327
Selected Readings 327
Notes 327
Evaluating European Integration 329
The Internal Dimension of European Integration 331
Preview 331
Growth of Membership 331
Intra-EU Trade and the Euro as an Official World Reserve Currency 332
EP Elections and Ratification Procedures for EC/EU Treaties 333
Public Opinion 336
Historical Data and Overall Perceptions of the European Union 337
Importance of the European Union and Support for Political Unification 337
Benefits of Membership 338
Image of and National Power in the European Union 341
Institutions and Democracy 343
Supranational Institutions 344
Intergovernmental Institutions 344
Democracy in the European Union 345
Policies of the European Union 346
Internal Market Policy and Economic Issues 346
Monetary Policy 347
Agricultural and Environmental Policies 347
Justice and Home Affairs 350
Review 351
Key Concepts 353
Study Questions 353
Notes 353
The External Dimension of European Integration 357
Preview 357
Member Governments as a Measure of EU Foreign Policy Effect 358
Public Opinion as a Measure of EU Foreign Policy Effect 359
External Political Impact as a Measure of EU Foreign Policy Effect 364
Inaction as a Measure of EU Foreign Policy Effect 366
Effects of the European Union on Multilateral Functional Issues and Organizations 367
Effects of the European Union on Multilateral Security 369
Military Crisis Management 370
Police Action 373
Rule of Law, Border Patrol, Monitoring, and Other ESDP Missions 375
Effects of the European Union on Countries and Regions 377
Europe 377
Mediterranean Basin, Africa, and Middle East 380
Asia and the Western Hemisphere 383
Review 384
Key Concepts 385
Study Questions 385
Selected Readings 386
Notes 386
Conclusions 387
The European Union's First Half-Century 387
The European Union at the Intersection of Theory and Practice 388
Demystifying the European Union 389
Constructing and Deconstructing the European Union 389
The Importance of the European Union 390
Glossary 393
Index 397
About the Author 423
Essential Weber: A Reader
Author: Max Weber
Weber is increasingly being recognized as the theorist of modernity. Unlike Marx and Freud, he has not suffered from the mistakes of his followers, and as capitalism triumphs his writings about disenchantment, routinization, the foundering of morality and justice and the disintegration of personality seem to have the ring of prophecy about them. This new reader, selected by one of the world's leading Weber scholars introduces the work of this key thinker to a new generation of readers. The reader will highlight key themes, and many of the selections have been specially translated for this collection both to improve accuracy and to make Weber speak anew in the idiom of the twenty first century.
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